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This course provides a comprehensive introduction to
heterocyclic chemistry for Master 1 students in Organic Chemistry. It
covers the classification, IUPAC nomenclature (Hantzsch-Widman), and
fundamental reactivity of aromatic heterocycles, including five-membered
rings (pyrrole, furan, thiophene), indole, diazoles, oxazoles,
thiazoles, six-membered rings (pyridine), and fused systems such as
quinoline, isoquinoline, pyrimidines, and purines. The course emphasizes
synthetic methodologies (e.g., Paal–Knorr, Fischer indole, Hantzsch
pyridine synthesis), mechanistic rationales, regioselectivity in
electrophilic and nucleophilic aromatic substitution, and the biological
and pharmaceutical importance of heterocyclic scaffolds (vitamins,
nucleic acid bases, alkaloids, and drugs). It includes detailed chapter
notes, comparative tables, reaction schemes, and solved exercises to
develop problem-solving and retrosynthetic skills.